原(yuan)木門(men)、生態門(men)、實木門(men)……市場上的(de)這些(xie)(xie)說法是否(fou)讓您(nin)(nin)十分困惑(huo)呢?而關于(yu)門(men)的(de)各種概(gai)念您(nin)(nin)又了解多少呢?那(nei)么(me)在買(mai)門(men)時哪些(xie)(xie)是需要您(nin)(nin)特(te)別留意的(de)?
觀察(cha)木門(men)辨別質量
由(you)于實(shi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)實(shi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)復(fu)(fu)合(he)門(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)特性(xing),在購買(mai)木(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)時(shi)業主可以(yi)根據(ju)木(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)所采用的(de)工(gong)藝查看木(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)外觀質量(liang),避免買(mai)到缺(que)陷(xian)產品。那(nei)么(me)它(ta)們可能(neng)會(hui)存在哪些缺(que)陷(xian)呢?專家(jia)介紹,實(shi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)實(shi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)復(fu)(fu)合(he)門(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)表面為(wei)木(mu)(mu)(mu)材或(huo)(huo)(huo)裝飾(shi)單板,區別在于實(shi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)是(shi)在木(mu)(mu)(mu)材上面直接刷油(you)(you)漆(qi)(qi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)者不刷油(you)(you)漆(qi)(qi),而實(shi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)復(fu)(fu)合(he)門(men)(men)(men)(men)是(shi)在裝飾(shi)單板上進行油(you)(you)漆(qi)(qi)。按(an)照這兩(liang)(liang)類門(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)制(zhi)造(zao)工(gong)藝,它(ta)們的(de)外觀質量(liang)缺(que)陷(xian)包括兩(liang)(liang)個部分(fen):一為(wei)木(mu)(mu)(mu)材或(huo)(huo)(huo)薄木(mu)(mu)(mu)(實(shi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)復(fu)(fu)合(he)門(men)(men)(men)(men)面層)本身的(de)缺(que)陷(xian),一為(wei)油(you)(you)漆(qi)(qi)的(de)缺(que)陷(xian),其主要表現(xian)在以(yi)下方面。
裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen):紋(wen)(wen)(wen)分縱裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)和環裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)兩(liang)種。縱裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)走向(xiang)穿透木(mu)材紋(wen)(wen)(wen)理,且(qie)會逐漸延伸(shen);環裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)多產生于木(mu)材紋(wen)(wen)(wen)理之(zhi)間,一般不會延伸(shen)。
蟲眼(yan):即蟲蛀后(hou)留下的扎(zha)眼(yan)。木材經人工干燥后(hou),蛀蟲都已死亡,蟲蛀不會再有發展,但蟲眼(yan)的存在會影響美觀(guan)。
紋理:好木材的紋理是(shi)有規則的紋理,如紋理是(shi)雜亂無章(zhang)的或是(shi)倒絲流的木質門等級較低。
腐朽:木材(cai)組織壞(huai)死、霉變(bian)、變(bian)色(se),因(yin)而(er)質(zhi)地(di)疏松,強度降低。
透膠(jiao):指單板熱壓膠(jiao)合后(hou),膠(jiao)黏劑從單板的孔(kong)隙(xi)中滲漏出其外表面(mian)從而形(xing)成膠(jiao)斑,它的不良(liang)影響(xiang)主要是使工件表面(mian)在油(you)漆(qi)后(hou)可能(neng)產(chan)生斑點。
鼓(gu)泡:鼓(gu)泡是單(dan)板在膠合(he)后出現(xian)鼓(gu)脹和氣泡,它的(de)修補(bu)過程(cheng)較麻煩,大大影響了生產效率(lv)。
開裂:指單(dan)(dan)板在粘貼(tie)后,表面產生大于0.3mm的(de)縫隙(xi),其(qi)常(chang)出(chu)現在單(dan)(dan)板變形較大或拼接處,這也(ye)是單(dan)(dan)板粘貼(tie)工藝中最(zui)常(chang)出(chu)現的(de)一種缺陷。
缺膠(jiao):指熱壓后,基材和單板之間出現的局部缺少(shao)膠(jiao)黏劑或(huo)膠(jiao)層不(bu)連續(xu)的現象,主要是涂膠(jiao)不(bu)均勻或(huo)膠(jiao)黏劑黏度較低等原因引起的。
實木(mu)門非同種材(cai)質(zhi)
在不(bu)少人的(de)(de)(de)(de)印象里,買實(shi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)肯定(ding)是(shi)(shi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)種材(cai)(cai)(cai)質(zhi)大塊木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)頭(tou)制(zhi)(zhi)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men),比如櫻桃木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)等,但實(shi)際(ji)上(shang)(shang),實(shi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)可能(neng)并不(bu)是(shi)(shi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)一種材(cai)(cai)(cai)質(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。根據中(zhong)國林產(chan)(chan)工業協會編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)行(xing)業標(biao)準,實(shi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)是(shi)(shi)指門(men)(men)扇、門(men)(men)框全部(bu)由(you)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)樹種或性質(zhi)相(xiang)近的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)或者集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)材(cai)(cai)(cai)制(zhi)(zhi)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)質(zhi)門(men)(men)。據中(zhong)國林產(chan)(chan)工業協會市場部(bu)主任吳盛富介紹(shao),從(cong)實(shi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)概念來看(kan),目(mu)前并沒有嚴(yan)格要求實(shi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)必須是(shi)(shi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)一個(ge)樹種,只是(shi)(shi)要求材(cai)(cai)(cai)質(zhi)相(xiang)近即可,比如密度相(xiang)近。如果材(cai)(cai)(cai)質(zhi)差別(bie)太大,尤其是(shi)(shi)干縮濕(shi)脹性差別(bie)太大,容易(yi)起翹、鼓包、開裂(lie),木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)質(zhi)量難以保證。從(cong)市場上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品來說,實(shi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)也可能(neng)是(shi)(shi)采用集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(即膠合木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),系將(jiang)纖(xian)維方向基(ji)本平行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)板(ban)材(cai)(cai)(cai)、小(xiao)方材(cai)(cai)(cai)等在長度、寬度和厚(hou)度方向上(shang)(shang)集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)膠合而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料)制(zhi)(zhi)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)。
實(shi)木(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)門(men)(men)(men)板(ban)可以(yi)不(bu)是同(tong)一(yi)樹(shu)種(zhong),門(men)(men)(men)套也可以(yi)不(bu)是同(tong)一(yi)樹(shu)種(zhong)。按(an)照行業(ye)標準規(gui)(gui)定(ding),門(men)(men)(men)框(kuang)即門(men)(men)(men)套——“固定(ding)在墻(qiang)體門(men)(men)(men)洞口(kou),支承(cheng)活動門(men)(men)(men)扇和(he)安裝固定(ding)門(men)(men)(men)扇的框(kuang)形木(mu)(mu)構(gou)件(jian),由邊(bian)框(kuang)、上(shang)框(kuang)和(he)裝飾板(ban)組成。”因此,門(men)(men)(men)框(kuang)與門(men)(men)(men)扇都屬于實(shi)木(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)的規(gui)(gui)定(ding)范圍之(zhi)列,但(dan)是即便是采用的不(bu)同(tong)樹(shu)種(zhong),性(xing)質(zhi)也必須相近。
原木門概念(nian)不明(ming)確
不少商家介紹自(zi)(zi)家的(de)門是“原(yuan)木(mu)門”,宣稱自(zi)(zi)家的(de)門采用的(de)是原(yuan)生態的(de)大塊(kuai)木(mu)頭制作的(de)實(shi)木(mu)門,比實(shi)木(mu)門更(geng)加環保。但(dan)實(shi)際上,中(zhong)國林科(ke)院木(mu)材工業研究(jiu)(jiu)所(suo)副研究(jiu)(jiu)員黃(huang)安民博(bo)士表示,原(yuan)木(mu)門的(de)概念并(bing)不明確。
他表示,嚴(yan)格上(shang)(shang)來說,原(yuan)(yuan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)門屬(shu)于(yu)實木(mu)(mu)(mu)門的(de)一(yi)(yi)種。原(yuan)(yuan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)指的(de)是按尺(chi)寸(cun)、形狀(zhuang)、質(zhi)量的(de)標準規定或特殊規定截成一(yi)(yi)定長度的(de)木(mu)(mu)(mu)段。“利用(yong)原(yuan)(yuan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)制(zhi)作(zuo)的(de)木(mu)(mu)(mu)質(zhi)門,市場上(shang)(shang)稱作(zuo)‘原(yuan)(yuan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)門’,它一(yi)(yi)般(ban)指縱向上(shang)(shang)不接(jie)長,與指接(jie)材相區分。”但由(you)于(yu)概念并不明(ming)確,目前利用(yong)原(yuan)(yuan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)橫(heng)向膠合的(de)木(mu)(mu)(mu)門也能稱作(zuo)原(yuan)(yuan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)門。
至于生態(tai)門(men),黃安民指出目前學術、教材、規(gui)范中并沒有這(zhe)個概(gai)念。他(ta)介紹,人(ren)們常(chang)常(chang)用(yong)“生態(tai)”來(lai)定義許多(duo)美好的事(shi)物,如健康的、美的、和諧的事(shi)物均(jun)可冠以“生態(tai)”的稱謂(wei)。用(yong)在木質(zhi)(zhi)門(men)上(shang),生態(tai)門(men)通常(chang)就應該(gai)指“環保(bao)的、健康的、安全(quan)的木質(zhi)(zhi)門(men)”,這(zhe)樣看來(lai),只要是(shi)符合(he)相應環保(bao)、安全(quan)標準的,無論是(shi)實木門(men)、實木復(fu)合(he)門(men)還是(shi)木質(zhi)(zhi)復(fu)合(he)門(men),都(dou)可以稱為(wei)“生態(tai)門(men)”。